Discharge spreader for grain bin

ABSTRACT

A grain spreader includes a hopper and spreader arms that distribute grain in a bin with a spreader cone having convergent divergent cones. The convergent cone forms a first flow zone. A center opening between the convergent cone and divergent cone allows a first portion of grain collecting in the convergent cone to pass through the spreader cone. An intermediate funnel is inside the hopper body between the convergent cone and the hopper body. A second portion of the grain spills over the rim of the convergent cone and onto the divergent cone into a second flow zone outside the convergent cone but inside the intermediate funnel. When the second zone fills with grain, a further portion of grain will spill over a rim of the intermediate funnel into a third flow zone radially outward of the intermediate funnel but inside the hopper body.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.62/752,601, filed Oct. 30, 2018, which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of Invention

This invention relates generally to storage and processing facilitiesfor material such as grain, and more particularly to a discharge systemfor controlling the flow and distribution of a material being fed into astorage bin.

Description of Related Art

Storage bins are used to receive and store materials such as grain andthe like. Such grain storage bins are often filled through a bin openingnear the top of the bin with a grain auger or conveyor. FIG. 1illustrates an exemplary grain storage bin of the prior art with a grainauger feeding grain into the bin.

As shown in FIG. 1, one challenge in feeding grain through anunregulated bin opening is the inherent nature of an auger or conveyorto introduce the grain off-center into the storage area. This can resultin uneven distribution of the materials within the bottom of the bin.This higher volume flow of grain off to one side prevents the bin fromefficiently storing materials. This may also lead to uneven weightdistribution within the storage bin, which could affect the structuralstability of the bin.

OVERVIEW OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, the invention is directed to a grain spreader for astorage bin that receives grain from a spout through a bin inlet. Thegrain spreader includes a hopper that receives grain from the spout anda plurality of spreader arms extending generally radially from thehopper configured to distribute the grain in the storage bin. The hopperhas a body forming a constricted outlet at a bottom end of the hopperbody. The grain spreader further includes a spreader cone, wherein grainreceived in the hopper is directed to the plurality of spreader armsthrough the outlet with the spreader cone. The spreader cone has anupper portion having a convergent cone and lower portion having adivergent cone connected at a middle union. The spreader cone ispositioned partially within the body of the hopper such that an upperrim of the convergent cone is within and coaxially aligned with thehopper body, and a bottom or distribution end of the divergent cone issuspended below the outlet of the hopper. Grain being fed into thehopper falls into the convergent cone and an interior of the convergentcone forms a first flow zone, wherein the spreader cone has a centeropening between the convergent cone and divergent cone that allows afirst portion of the grain collecting in the convergent cone to passthrough the interior of the spreader cone and fall through the undersideof the divergent cone. The spreader cone also has an intermediate funnelinside the hopper body and positioned between the convergent cone andthe hopper body. A second portion of the grain collecting in theconvergent cone spills over the rim of the convergent cone and onto anupper surface of the divergent cone into a second flow zone locatedradially outside the convergent cone but inside the intermediate funnel.When the second zone fills with grain, a further portion of the grainwill spill over a rim of the intermediate funnel into a third flow zonelocated radially outward of the intermediate funnel but inside thehopper body.

The flow zones direct the flow of grain such that when grain builds upmore on one side of the hopper, grain is redirected to the other side ofthe hopper to cause the grain to flow evenly onto the divergent cone.

These and other features and advantages of this invention are describedin, or are apparent from, the following detailed description of variousexemplary embodiments of the systems and methods according to thisinvention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The above mentioned and other features of this invention will becomemore apparent and the invention itself will be better understood byreference to the following description of embodiments of the inventiontaken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a grain storage bin being loaded via aprior art method and system;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a discharge spreader system inaccordance with an example embodiment;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a receiving hopper of thedischarge spreader system of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cut-away perspective view of a portion of the receivinghopper of FIG. 3 in accordance with an example embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the receiving hopper in a choked downcondition;

FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the receiving hopper in a full opencondition; and

FIG. 7 is a plan view of the receiving hopper.

Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding partsthroughout the views of the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

The invention will now be described in the following detaileddescription with reference to the drawings, wherein preferredembodiments are described in detail to enable practice of the invention.Although the invention is described with reference to these specificpreferred embodiments, it will be understood that the invention is notlimited to these preferred embodiments. But to the contrary, theinvention includes numerous alternatives, modifications and equivalentsas will become apparent from consideration of the following detaileddescription.

FIG. 1 illustrates a material storage system 10 configured to stockpileand store material such as grain and the like. As is known in the art,the material storage system 10 has an elevator 12 with a spout 14leading to a storage bin 16. The storage bin 16 includes a bin inlet 18through which material is fed by the elevator 12. One will understandthat the storage bin 16 may be any tank, silo or other structure, eitherfreestanding or relying on common architecture, used to store a materialsuch as grain. It should be appreciated that the bin inlet 18 may bepositioned at various locations on the material storage bin 16, but isdesirably in an upper portion of the material storage bin 16 as shown inthe exemplary figure. In one embodiment, the elevator 12 conveys thegrain in a direction having a vertical component so as to change theelevation of the grain so that gravity may be used to move the grain.For example, the elevator 12 may comprise an auger, a bucket conveyorhaving a plurality of buckets, a pneumatic conveyor, or other knownconfiguration to move grain to the storage bin 16. The followingdisclosure will describe the invention referring to the material asgrain, but it is to be understood that the system may be used withmaterials other than grain without departing from the scope of theinvention.

FIG. 2 illustrates a grain spreader 20 according to an embodiment of theinvention that can be suspended beneath the bin inlet 18 of the materialstorage system 10 (FIG. 1). It is desirable that the grain spreader 20be installed in the top, center of the storage bin 16 under the inlet 18to evenly distribute grain using gravity in all directions around theinlet 18. The grain spreader 20 includes a hopper 22 that receives grainfrom the spout 14 (FIG. 1) and a plurality of spreader arms 24 extendinggenerally radially from the hopper 22. Turning also now to FIGS. 3 and4, the hopper 22 has an upward facing mouth 26 and a frustoconicalhopper body 28 forming a constricted outlet 30 at the bottom end of thehopper body 28. The spreader arms 24 are hung from and supported by thebody of the hopper 22 using a plurality of support rods 32. The spreaderarms 24 have multiple spill ports 34 along their length that allow thegrain to fall from the spreader arms 24 to the pile of grain forming inthe bin 16 and be distributed across a subtidal portion of the footprintof the grain bin 16. In one embodiment, overflow ports 36 are positioneddirectly over spreader arms 24 so any overflow of the hopper 22 will bedistributed outward by the spreader arms 24.

According to the invention, grain received in the hopper 22 is directedto the plurality of spreader arms 24 through the outlet 30 byintroducing and maintaining the flow of grain through adjustable flowzones with the use of a spreader cone 38 as will be described below. Inthe illustrated embodiment, the spreader cone 38 is a weldment having anupper portion comprising a convergent cone 40 and lower portioncomprising a divergent cone 42 connected at a middle union 44. Thespreader cone 38 is positioned partially within the body 28 of thehopper 22 such that an upper rim 46 of the convergent cone 40 is withinand coaxially aligned with the hopper body 28, and a bottom ordistribution end 48 of the divergent cone 42 is suspended below theoutlet 30 of the hopper 22. Grain being fed into the hopper 22 from theelevator 12 primarily falls into the convergent cone 40. The interior ofthe convergent cone 40 forms a first flow zone F1. A center opening 50(best seen in FIG. 3) at the union 44 of the convergent cone 40 anddivergent cone 42 allows a first portion of the grain collecting in theconvergent cone 40 to pass through the interior of the spreader cone 38and fall through the underside of the divergent cone 42. After theconvergent cone 40 is filled with grain, a second portion of the graincollected in the convergent cone 40 spills over the rim 46 of theconvergent cone 40 and onto an upper surface 52 of the divergent cone42.

The grain spreader 20 further incorporates an intermediate funnel 54inside the hopper body 28 and positioned between the convergent cone 40and the hopper body 28. The intermediate funnel 54 is desirablypositioned substantially concentric with the convergent cone 40 and thehopper body 28. As the second portion of the grain spills over the rim46 of the convergent cone 40, it falls into a second flow zone F2located radially outside the convergent cone 40 but inside theintermediate funnel 54. As the second zone F2 fills with grain, aportion of the grain will spill over a rim 56 of the intermediate funnel54 into a third flow zone F3 located radially outward of theintermediate funnel 54 but inside the hopper body 28. Thus, this funnelwithin a funnel design creates multiple flow zones (F1, F2 and F3)within the grain spreader 20.

In one embodiment, the spreader cone 38 is supported from the pluralityof spreader arm support rods 32 with a plurality of support springs 60.As the spreader cone 38 not directly attached to the body of the hopper22, the spring-loaded spreader cone 38 is able to move up and down inthe outlet 30 of the hopper 22. This movement linearly up and down withrespect to the hopper 22 enables flow between the plurality of flowzones F1, F2 and F3. In order to ensure that the grain cannot flowfreely through the grain spreader 20 in sub-capacity flow rates, thesupport springs 60 enable the spreader cone 38 to act as a flow meteringdevice. In one embodiment, compression of the support springs 60 isadjustable by mounting one end of the support springs 60 with a retainerpin 62 in a selected one of a plurality slots 64 for different retainerpin locations to selectable increase or decrease the no-load compressionon the springs.

The hopper 22 further has a center flow choke 66 configured toselectively throttle the flow of the first portion of grain through thecenter opening 50. The center flow choke 66 may be a suspended ball orother feature configured to engage with the center opening 50 topartially close the center opening 50 in low grain flow conditions.Desirably, the center flow choke 66 is mounted to the hopper body 28with hanger 68 such that up and down movement of the spreader cone 38moves the center opening 50 into or out of engagement with the centerflow choke 66. Desirably, the center flow choke 66 never completely cutsoff flow of grain through the center opening 50, thereby enabling theprevention of grain from being trapped in the convergent cone 40. It isdesirable that the convergent cone 40 empties completely when the flowof grain is terminated.

As best seen in FIG. 5, the support springs 60 lift the spreader cone 38upwards into the hopper 22 when the spreader cone 38 is empty to lightlyloaded. With the spreader cone 38 in the choked condition as shown inFIG. 5, the center flow choke 66 partially blocks the flow of grainthrough the center opening 50, causing more of the grain to collect inthe first flow zone F1 in the convergent cone 40. When the grain beginsto spill over the rim 46 of the convergent cone 40 into the second flowzone F2, the grain begins to collect above the upper surface 52 of thedivergent cone 42 but is held within the second zone F2 because there iseither a relatively small gap or no gap between a bottom edge 70 of theintermediate funnel 54 and the upper surface 52 of the divergent cone42. As the amount of grain fills up the second flow zone F2, it willspill over the top edge 56 of the intermediate funnel 54 and into thethird flow zone F3. While it is explained above that grain falling fromthe spout 14 will first fill up the first zone F1 and then flow over therim 46 to the second zone and then over top edge 56 into the third zoneF3, it is to be understood that some grain may fall directly into thesecond and third zones F2, F3 from the spout 14 without departing fromthe scope of the invention, The increasing weight of the grain in thesecond and third flow zones F2, F3 compresses the support springs 60causing the spreader cone 38 to move from the choked condition shown inFIG. 5 to a full open condition as shown in FIG. 6. As the spreader cone38 moves downward, the size of the gaps between the lower edge 70 of theintermediate funnel 54 and the divergent cone 42 and a lower edge 72 ofthe hopper body 28 and the divergent cone 42 increase allowing moregrain to pass from the hopper 22 over the divergent cone 42 and onto thespreader arms 24. If the level in the third flow zone F3 continues torise, grain spills through the overflow ports 36 to the spreader arms24.

Thus, as the spreader cone 38 is additionally loaded with a higher grainflow, the increased weight compresses the support springs 60. Thisvertical, linear action of the spreader cone 38 allows the grainspreader 20 to produce a laminar output flow despite varying input flowrates from the elevator 12 by maintaining grain presence in each of theplurality of flow zones F1, F2, F3 of the grain spreader 20. Grainpushing through all of the plurality of flow zones F1, F2, F3 produces asubstantially even flow over the divergent cone 42 in all directions tobe distributed among the spreader arms 24. This metering requires nomanual adjustment once installed within a directed throughput range ofthe grain spreader 20. The ability to choke the grain flow back to thepoint that it fills the plurality of flow zones F1, F2, F3 beforeexiting the hopper 22 over the divergent cone 42 increases thethroughput capacity range. Desirably, the grain spreader 20automatically adjusts to differing flow rates within its throughputcapacity without the need for manual adjustment. Thus, the hopper 22with a spreader cone 38 with the funnel inside of funnel design forcesthe incoming grain into the differing flow zones F1, F2, F3. These flowzones F1, F2, F3 impede the flow to the extent that if it builds up toomuch on one side, grain is redirected to the other side of the spreadercone 38 before passing through, thus forcing grain to flow evenly ontothe divergent cone 42 and ultimately into the storage bin 16. It hasbeen found that the funnel in funnel design works best when the flowzones are filled to the point that grain is being redirected internally.If grain inflow is slowed down below the throughput capacity of thegrain spreader 20 due to a smaller auger or slower filling method,without moving the spreader cone 38 to the choked position, the graincan pass through the grain spreader 20 without being redirected,resulting in an uneven bin fill.

In one embodiment, the support springs 60 and support rods 32 areenclosed within protective tubing 80 with suitable seals to protect thesprings and rods 32 from the environment and wear from impingement fromgrain.

The foregoing has broadly outlined some of the more pertinent aspectsand features of the present invention. These should be construed to bemerely illustrative of some of the more prominent features andapplications of the invention. Other beneficial results can be obtainedby applying the disclosed information in a different manner or bymodifying the disclosed embodiments. Accordingly, other aspects and amore comprehensive understanding of the invention are obtained byreferring to the detailed description of the exemplary embodiments takenin conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

1. A grain spreader for storage bin that receives grain from a spoutthrough a bin inlet, the grain spreader comprising a hopper thatreceives grain from the spout and a plurality of spreader arms extendinggenerally radially from the hopper configured to distribute the grain inthe storage bin, the hopper having a body forming a constricted outletat a bottom end of the hopper body, the grain spreader furthercomprising: a spreader cone, wherein grain received in the hopper isdirected to the plurality of spreader arms through the outlet with aspreader cone, the spreader cone having an upper portion comprising aconvergent cone and lower portion comprising a divergent cone connectedat a middle union, the spreader cone being positioned partially withinthe body of the hopper such that an upper rim of the convergent cone iswithin and coaxially aligned with the hopper body, and a bottom ordistribution end of the divergent cone is suspended below the outlet ofthe hopper, wherein grain being fed into the hopper falls into theconvergent cone and an interior of the convergent cone forms a firstflow zone, wherein the spreader cone has a center opening between theconvergent cone and divergent cone that allows a first portion of thegrain collecting in the convergent cone to pass through the interior ofthe spreader cone and fall through the underside of the divergent cone;an intermediate funnel inside the hopper body and positioned between theconvergent cone and the hopper body; and wherein a second portion of thegrain collecting in the convergent cone spills over the rim of theconvergent cone and onto an upper surface of the divergent cone into asecond flow zone located radially outside the convergent cone but insidethe intermediate funnel, and when the second zone fills with grain, afurther portion of the grain will spill over a rim of the intermediatefunnel into a third flow zone located radially outward of theintermediate funnel but inside the hopper body.
 2. The grain dischargespreader system of claim 1 wherein the flow zones direct the flow ofgrain such that when grain builds up more on one side of the hopper,grain is redirected to the other side of the hopper to cause the grainto flow evenly onto the divergent cone
 3. The grain spreader of claim 1further comprising a plurality of support springs configured to move theup and down in the outlet of the hopper, wherein the support springs arebiased to lift the spreader cone upwards into the hopper when thespreader cone is empty to lightly loaded
 4. The grain discharge spreadersystem of claim 3 wherein as the spreader cone moves downward, the sizeof a gap between the lower edge of the intermediate funnel and thedivergent cone and the size of a gap between the lower edge of thehopper body and the divergent cone increase allowing more grain to passfrom the hopper over the divergent cone and into the spreader arms. 5.The grain spreader of claim 4 further comprising a center flow chokeconfigured to selectively throttle the center flow of grain through thecenter opening to partially close the center opening when the supportsprings lift the spreader cone in low grain flow conditions, wherein thecenter flow choke is mounted to the hopper body such that up and downmovement of the spreader cone moves the center opening into or out ofengagement with the center flow choke.
 6. The grain discharge spreadersystem of claim 5 wherein with the spreader cone in the chokedcondition, the center flow choke partially blocks the flow of grainthrough the center opening, causing grain to collect in the convergentcone and to spill over the rim of the convergent cone and onto an uppersurface of the divergent cone.
 7. The grain discharge spreader system ofclaim 6 wherein grain collecting on the top surface of the divergentcone causes the support springs to compress and move the spreader conefrom the choked condition to a full open condition.
 8. The graindischarge spreader system of claim 1 wherein the center flow choke ismounted to the hopper body such that up and down movement of thespreader cone moves the center opening into or out of engagement withthe center flow choke.
 9. The grain discharge spreader system of claim 1wherein the spreader arms are hung from and supported by the body of thehopper using a plurality of support rods.
 10. The grain dischargespreader system of claim 9 wherein the spreader cone is supported fromthe plurality of spreader arm support rods with the plurality of supportsprings.
 11. The grain discharge spreader system of claim 1 wherein inthe choked condition, the center flow choke is configured to permit theflow of some grain through the center opening such that the convergentcone is able to empty completely when the flow of grain is terminated.12. The grain discharge spreader system of claim 1 wherein compressionof the support springs is adjustable by mounting one end of the supportsprings with a retainer pin in a selected one of a plurality slots fordifferent retainer pin locations to selectable increase or decrease theno-load compression on the springs.
 13. The grain discharge spreadersystem of claim 1 wherein the hopper body has an upward facing mouth anda frustoconical shape forming the constricted outlet at the bottom endof the hopper body.
 14. The grain discharge spreader system of claim 1wherein the spreader cone is coaxially aligned with the hopper.